Extrapulmonary manifestations of coronavirus disease (COVID-19): current status (a literature review)

The review analyzed the extrapulmonary manifestations of COVID-19, emphasizing its nature as a multisystem disorder due to the virus's affinity for ACE2 receptors and immune responses like the cytokine storm. It found that COVID-19 affected various organs, including the gastrointestinal, nervous, cardiovascular, endocrine systems, and skin, with symptoms ranging from mild, such as anosmia and dysgeusia, to severe organ damage. Persistent nervous system symptoms post-infection were noted. The review highlighted the importance of recognizing these diverse manifestations for effective patient management and treatment strategies during the pandemic. Additionally, it discussed cardiovascular, endocrine, metabolic, reproductive, maternal, neonatal, ocular, and neuromuscular complications, underscoring the virus's extensive impact on the body.