Exploring the Versatility of Microemulsions in Cutaneous Drug Delivery: Opportunities and Challenges

Microemulsions, composed of an oil phase, a surfactant, a co-surfactant, and an aqueous phase, are a promising drug delivery system, particularly for cutaneous applications. Their small droplet size (10-100 nm) allows for efficient drug solubilization and enhanced bioavailability. They can deliver both hydrophilic and hydrophobic drugs, improving skin permeation and drug stability. However, challenges include the complexity of their formulation, potential toxicity of surfactants and co-surfactants, and stability issues affected by environmental factors. Examples of their use include treatments for antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, fungicidal, and alopecia applications. Future research will focus on optimizing microemulsion formulations and exploring new therapeutic applications.