Developmental and Reproductive Outcome of F1 Generation of Wistar Rats Exposed to Acanthus Montanus Aqueous Extract During Organogenesis

The study investigated the effects of Acanthus montanus aqueous extract (AMAE) on the developmental and reproductive outcomes of the F1 generation of Wistar rats during organogenesis. Pregnant rats were administered varying doses of AMAE, and the offspring were evaluated for various developmental and reproductive parameters. The results showed that while maternal weight and litter size were unaffected, there were dose-independent decreases in fetal body weights and lengths, along with reduced survival and lactation indices. Notable adverse effects included delayed eye openings, limb deformations, inflamed eyes, hair loss, and impaired behavioral functions. All exposed offspring were infertile, and necropsy revealed reduced skin and organ fats, though no skeletal anomalies were found. The study concluded that AMAE is a developmental toxicant, and its use during the first trimester of pregnancy should be avoided.