Dietary Therapy in Type II Diabetes Mellitus

The document discusses the role of dietary therapy in the treatment of type II diabetes mellitus, highlighting that while the American Diabetes Association (ADA) diets were originally designed for type I diabetics, they are also applicable to type II diabetics, albeit with different goals. For type II diabetes, which is often associated with obesity, the primary aim is weight reduction through caloric restriction. The ADA recommends a daily diet consisting of 55% to 60% carbohydrates, less than 30% fat, and 0.8 g/kg of protein, with emphasis on complex carbohydrates over simple sugars, moderate protein intake, and minimized fat intake. The guidelines also suggest moderation in sodium and alcohol intake and a high intake of soluble fiber. However, there is controversy and a lack of research substantiation regarding some of these recommendations, such as the liberalization of carbohydrate intake and the inclusion of refined sugars. The document also notes the importance of individualized treatment and regular dietary instruction as part of a comprehensive approach to managing type II diabetes.