Cytokine Profiles Associated With Persisting Symptoms of Post-Acute Sequelae of COVID-19

This study investigated the immunologic aspects of post-acute sequelae of COVID-19 (PASC) by analyzing blood samples and symptom reports from 79 participants diagnosed with COVID-19. The most common symptoms were fatigue, post exertional malaise, and brain fog. Significant increases in cytokines such as IL-10, VEGF, and inflammatory markers were associated with symptoms like gastrointestinal issues and chest pain, but not with chronic cough, dizziness, dyspnea, or hair loss. The findings suggest that despite the heterogeneity of PASC symptoms, common pathophysiological mechanisms involving T-cell recruitment, thrombosis, and increased vascular permeability may underlie various symptom clusters.