Welfare Assessment of Cows in Cow Shelters (Gaushalas) in India

The study assessed the welfare of cows in 54 cow shelters (gaushalas) across 6 Indian states, examining 1,620 cows using 37 health, welfare, and behavior parameters. Major welfare issues identified included low space allowance, poor floor quality, lack of bedding, limited movement, and absence of pasture grazing. Lameness prevalence was 4.2% and correlated with factors like udder dirtiness and joint injuries. Hair cortisol levels indicated stress, linked to poor conditions such as dirty environments and limited access to yards. Despite these issues, managers believed they provided adequate welfare, though biosecurity and waste management were often lacking. Public support was strong, with donations being a primary funding source. The study's findings aimed to guide improvements in cow welfare and shelter sustainability.