Clinical Applications of Extracellular Vesicles: Promises and Pitfalls

    February 2026 in “ International Journal of Molecular Sciences ”
    Dragan Primorac, Petar Brlek, Luka Bulić, Nenad Hrvatin, Vedrana Škaro, Petar Projić, Martina Glavan, Ijeoma Oleru, Pierre Rocheteau, Carlo Tremolada, Ariana DeMers, Mary A. Ambach, Don Buford, Tamara Knežević, Dimitrios Kouroupis, Cole Conforti, D. Wood Kimbrough, R. Peter Schnorr, Lindsay Williams, Raminta Vaičiulevičiūtė, Žan Fortuna, Lara Oprešnik, Blaž Curk, Miomir Knežević, Gordana Kalan Živčec, Adelina Hrkać, Dimitrios Tsoukas, Ilona Uzielienè, Jolita Pachaleva, Eiva Bernotienė, Kristiana Barbato, Neep Patel, Isabella Demirdjian Guanche, EV Badiavas, Jana Mešić, Ana Medić Flajšman, Romina Milanič, Danijela Klarić, Vasiliki E. Kalodimou, Massimo Allegri, Johannes Brachmann, Wei Seong Toh, Nancy Duarte Delgado, A. Mobasheri
    TLDR Extracellular vesicles show promise for medical use but face challenges in standardization and safety.
    Extracellular vesicles (EVs) hold significant promise for diagnostic and therapeutic applications across various medical fields due to their ability to transfer bioactive molecules and facilitate intercellular communication. They are being explored for conditions such as infertility, preeclampsia, age-related macular degeneration, diabetic retinopathy, hearing loss, and cancer, among others. EVs offer potential benefits in modulating immune responses, promoting tissue repair, and serving as biomarkers. However, challenges such as standardizing isolation methods, ensuring safety, and achieving regulatory approval remain critical hurdles. Further research, interdisciplinary collaboration, and clinical trials are essential to fully realize the biomedical potential of EVs in personalized healthcare.
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