Chemoprevention: History and General Principles

The document reviewed the history and principles of cancer chemoprevention, highlighting the progression from concept to reality over the past decades. It discussed the molecular basis of carcinogenesis and the opportunities for early detection and prevention. Notable successes included the development of tamoxifen and raloxifene for breast cancer risk reduction and vaccines against virally-induced cancers. However, some trials, like those involving beta-carotene and selenium, yielded negative results. The review emphasized the importance of understanding genetic and epigenetic changes in cancer development, which has led to the identification of molecular targets and potential prevention agents. Despite challenges, the field showed promise with emerging strategies like drug combinations targeting premalignant cells. The focus was on improving risk prediction, disease prevention, and personalized treatment.