Celiac Disease: Beyond Diet And Food Awareness

Celiac disease (CD) is a complex, immune-mediated condition triggered by gluten, affecting the small intestine and causing a range of symptoms. Its prevalence is rising globally, affecting 0.7% to 2.9% of the population, and is more common in females and those with autoimmune disorders. The primary treatment is a strict gluten-free diet (GFD), which can resolve symptoms but often leads to nutritional deficiencies. CD is associated with various comorbidities, including osteoporosis and anemia, necessitating comprehensive management strategies beyond diet, such as micronutrient supplementation and potential non-dietary treatments like enzyme therapies. Emerging therapies, including TG2 inhibitors and monoclonal antibodies, show promise, but the GFD remains the only effective treatment. The document emphasizes the need for improved diagnostic criteria, awareness, and personalized medicine to enhance patient outcomes and quality of life.