Calcium in Root Growth and Development

Calcium (Ca2+) is crucial for plant root growth and development, serving structural, biochemical, and signaling roles. It is integral to cell walls and membranes, acts as a counterion, and facilitates enzyme activity. Recent research has advanced the understanding of Ca2+-dependent activities, revealing its role in root uptake, redistribution, and signaling. This includes root and root hair growth, microbial defense, and root symbioses. The findings highlight the complexity of Ca2+ regulatory networks and the extensive, yet-to-be-explored Ca2+-dependent systems in root function.