Morphogenesis of Mammary Glands in Buffalo (Bubalus Bubalis)

The study on the morphogenesis of mammary glands in buffalo during prenatal development used 16 fetuses ranging from 1.2 cm to 108 cm in curved crown rump length. Key developmental milestones included the appearance of the mammary line at 34 days, mammary hillock at 37 days, and mammary bud at 41 days. The epidermal cone was observed at 58 days, with primary and secondary ducts forming at 62 and 96 days, respectively. Connective tissue whorls appeared at 110 days, and internal elastic lamina and muscle layers at 129 days. Lobules were noted at 140 days, the rosette of Furstenberg at 163 days, and a keratin plug at 176 days. Additionally, the primordia of sweat and sebaceous glands around hair follicles were seen at 122 days, and differentiation of all skin layers with cornification was observed by 229 days.