532 citations,
August 2011 in “Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology” Vitiligo is a skin condition causing white spots, more common in women, often starts before age 20, and can affect mental health.
263 citations,
February 2013 in “Wiley interdisciplinary reviews. Nanomedicine and nanobiotechnology” Polymeric nanoparticles show promise for treating skin diseases.
232 citations,
October 2015 in “International journal of molecular sciences” Stem cells are crucial for skin repair and new treatments for chronic wounds.
176 citations,
August 2015 in “The journal of allergy and clinical immunology/Journal of allergy and clinical immunology/The journal of allergy and clinical immunology” Alopecia areata involves immune activation in the scalp, suggesting treatments targeting TH1, TH2, and IL-23 pathways.
156 citations,
August 2016 in “Journal of controlled release” Tight junctions are key for skin protection and controlling what gets absorbed or passes through the skin.
134 citations,
December 2018 in “Dermatology and Therapy” Some vitamins and minerals like vitamin D and iron can help with certain types of hair loss, but more research is needed for others.
129 citations,
May 2015 in “Cell Stem Cell” Different types of stem cells exist within individual skin layers, and they can adapt to damage, transplantation, or tumor growth. These cells are regulated by their environment and genetic factors. Tumor growth is driven by expanding, genetically altered cells, not long-lived mutant stem cells. There's evidence of cancer stem cells in skin tumors. Other cells, bacteria, and genetic factors help maintain balance and contribute to disease progression. A method for growing mini organs from single cells has been developed.
126 citations,
January 2009 in “International Journal of Trichology” Oxidative stress contributes to hair graying and loss as we age.
120 citations,
October 2007 in “Clinical Interventions in Aging” Estrogens help reduce skin aging, and SERMs might offer similar benefits without the risks of hormone therapy.
93 citations,
February 2015 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology” Oxidative stress affects hair loss in men with androgenetic alopecia.
66 citations,
June 2018 in “British Journal of Dermatology” European guidelines recommend regular eye and ear exams, skin care, vitamin D supplements, and cautious use of medications for managing congenital ichthyoses.
65 citations,
February 2017 in “Pflügers Archiv - European Journal of Physiology” Macrophages are vital for skin healing, hair growth, salt balance, and cancer defense.
63 citations,
May 2017 in “American Journal of Clinical Dermatology” People with alopecia areata often have lower levels of vitamin D, zinc, and folate, but more research is needed to understand if supplements can help treat it.
59 citations,
June 2022 in “Frontiers in medicine” There are still challenges in diagnosing and treating chronic skin diseases, but there is hope for future improvements.
57 citations,
January 2014 in “Cold Spring Harbor Perspectives in Medicine” Skin stem cells maintain and repair the outer layer of skin, with some types being essential for healing wounds.
56 citations,
November 2010 in “Pigment Cell & Melanoma Research” Brain hormones significantly affect hair color and could potentially be used to prevent or reverse grey hair.
55 citations,
December 2014 in “Dermatologica sinica/Zhōnghuá pífūkē yīxué zázhì” Keratinocytes control how melanocytes work.
42 citations,
October 2011 in “Seminars in Cell & Developmental Biology” Eph/ephrin signaling is important for skin cell behavior and could be targeted to treat skin diseases.
39 citations,
August 2018 in “Scientific reports” Claudin-1 is important for the barrier function and growth of hair.
31 citations,
January 1981 in “Pharmacology & Therapeutics” Oral retinoids are effective for treating severe skin disorders but have reversible side effects and risks for pregnant women.
27 citations,
January 2015 in “Current problems in dermatology” The document concludes that primary scarring alopecias cause permanent hair loss, have unpredictable outcomes, and lack definitive treatments, requiring personalized care.
26 citations,
October 2018 in “Clinical & Translational Oncology” Spanish experts provided guidelines for treating skin side effects in cancer patients on new therapies, stressing early action and teamwork.
24 citations,
June 2018 in “Reviews in endocrine and metabolic disorders” Thyroid diseases may contribute to autoimmune skin diseases, and more research is needed on their relationship.
24 citations,
June 2011 in “International Journal of Dermatology” Most pregnant women experience skin changes like darkening and itching, while serious skin conditions are rare but need early treatment.
22 citations,
September 2015 in “Clinical lymphoma myeloma & leukemia/Clinical lymphoma, myeloma and leukemia” Recognizing and treating skin symptoms in essential thrombocythemia is crucial for patient quality of life.
19 citations,
January 2015 in “Current problems in dermatology” Ultraviolet rays damage hair, smoking may cause hair loss, and good nutrition is important for hair health, but genetics mainly decide hair thickness.
18 citations,
December 2018 in “Expert Opinion on Biological Therapy” Hair follicle stem cells are promising for wound healing but require more research for safe clinical use.
17 citations,
February 2015 in “Cell Death and Disease” Inhibiting AP1 in mice skin causes structural changes and weakens the skin barrier.
13 citations,
April 2022 in “Frontiers in oncology” Melanoma development can be linked to the breakdown of skin's melanin-producing units.
13 citations,
July 2012 in “Pigment Cell & Melanoma Research” A mutation in the Adam10 gene causes freckle-like spots on Hairless mice.