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research Use of Insulin-Sensitizing Agents in Patients With Polycystic Ovary Syndrome

32 citations, July 2001 in “Endocrine Practice”

Insulin-sensitizing drugs like metformin can help with ovulation, weight loss, and lower testosterone in some women with PCOS.

research Understanding and Addressing Hair Disorders in Transgender Individuals

32 citations, January 2018 in “American Journal of Clinical Dermatology”

Hormone therapy affects hair growth in transgender individuals, with testosterone potentially causing hair loss in trans men and estrogen reducing facial/body hair in trans women; treatment options vary.

research Metabolism of Androgens by Isolated Human Beard Hair Follicles

31 citations, October 1971 in “Steroids”

Human beard hair follicles change testosterone into other related hormones, but don't much change androstenedione into testosterone.

research Androgens

29 citations, November 1975 in “Clinics in endocrinology and metabolism”

Testosterone is made by Leydig cells, is active when not bound to proteins, and works by binding to receptors in muscles and other tissues.

research Gender-Affirming Hormone Therapy for Transgender Men

28 citations, October 2018 in “Clinical Obstetrics and Gynecology”

Testosterone therapy seems safe and effective for transgender men with proper care, but more long-term research is needed.

research Hormone-Dependent Medial Preoptic, Lumbar Spinal Cord, and Autonomic Coordination Supporting Male Sexual Behaviors

28 citations, November 2017 in “Molecular and cellular endocrinology”

Testosterone and its byproducts help support male sexual behavior through different pathways in the brain and body.

research Hormonal and Surgical Treatment Options for Transgender Men (Female-to-Male)

26 citations, December 2016 in “Psychiatric Clinics of North America”

Testosterone therapy and surgeries like mastectomy improve transgender men's lives and mental health with low risks and high satisfaction.

research Mechanism of Action of Androgen in Hair Follicles

25 citations, July 1994 in “Journal of dermatological science”

Testosterone affects hair follicles differently across body sites, with beard hair follicles showing more activity of a specific enzyme and presence of androgen receptors compared to scalp hair.

research Transgender Adolescents and Acne: A Case Series

24 citations, March 2018 in “Pediatric Dermatology”

Testosterone treatment in transgender teens can worsen acne, requiring careful treatment due to mental health and medication side effects.

research Common Variants in the Sex Hormone-Binding Globulin Gene Influence SHBG Levels in Women with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome

24 citations, November 2015 in “Annals of Nutrition and Metabolism”

Certain SHBG gene variants, like rs727428, are linked to higher testosterone levels in women with PCOS.

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