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Vitamin D and estrogen may help protect heart and kidney health, and maintaining sufficient vitamin D levels could be especially beneficial for African Americans, postmenopausal women, and people with chronic kidney disease.

Men are more likely to get infectious skin diseases, while women are more prone to autoimmune and pigment-related skin conditions, influenced by biological and environmental factors.

Estrogen increases blood vessel growth factor production, while testosterone blocks this increase.

Estrogens generally inhibit hair growth and improve skin quality, but their exact effects on hair follicles are complex and not fully understood.

Higher SHBG levels are linked to less severe hair loss in women, but vitamin D levels don't seem to affect hair loss.

Testosterone helps human pancreatic cells increase insulin release.

Retinoic acid affects male and female muscle energy use and function differently.

Estrogen and androgenic hair increase melanoma risk, especially in European-ancestry individuals.

Changes in testosterone and estrogen receptor genes can affect how men age, influencing body fat, hair patterns, and possibly leading to skin disorders.

Testosterone replacement may help postmenopausal women with sexual function and bone density, but suitable treatments are limited.

Lower SHBG levels may increase the risk of PCOS.

Hormone therapy for trans individuals is effective and generally safe in the short term.

Certain genetic variations in the SHBG gene are linked to an increased or decreased risk of PCOS in Mediterranean women.

Cross-sex hormone therapy is important for managing gender dysphoria and requires careful monitoring and healthcare provider education.

A new method accurately measures steroid hormones in a few hair strands and could help study chronic stress and hair loss.

Male yak hair growth is influenced by DHT synthesis, which is promoted by 5α-red1 and AR during growth phases, while E2 may inhibit growth through ERα.

Hormones significantly affect women's sexual function, and more research is needed to improve treatments for sexual dysfunction with minimal side effects.

The document concludes that future heart disease research should account for sex-specific differences to improve diagnosis, treatment, and outcomes.

Higher androgen levels do not cause baldness in men.

Cancer rates are increasing in developed countries, with estrogen, aging, low vitamin D3, and HPV infection as common causes.

Male hormones worsen kidney transplant damage, but blocking them helps.

Male hormones cause different growth in identical human hair follicles due to their unique epigenetic characteristics.

Male hormones affect COVID-19 severity and certain drugs targeting these hormones could help reduce the risk.

Genetics and hormones cause hair loss; finasteride treats it safely.

Male hormones are important for hair and oil gland development and can cause conditions like excessive hair growth and acne.

Seborrhea in Parkinson's disease may be linked to hormones, not autonomic impairment.

Environmental factors, hormones, nutrition, and stress all significantly affect skin health and aging.

Hidradenitis suppurativa may be related to hormones and patients often have metabolic disorders; more research is needed to understand this connection.

Hormones and genetics play key roles in male and female baldness, which can affect mental health and may be linked to other health issues.

The skin has multiple layers and cells, serves as a protective barrier, helps regulate temperature, enables sensation, affects appearance, and is involved in vitamin D synthesis.