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The 2023 guideline for PCOS suggests using updated diagnostic criteria, assessing related health risks, and recommends lifestyle changes and specific treatments for symptoms and fertility issues.

New understanding and treatments for hair loss are improving, but more research is needed.

Women with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) have lower levels of a substance called DIAPH1 in their blood, which is linked to changes in sugar metabolism and insulin resistance.

Using β-cyclodextrin derivatives improves the solubility and bioavailability of steroidal drugs.

Testosterone in older women can increase bone density, muscle mass, fat mass, improve memory, and boost libido, but may cause nipple color changes.

Mice without the enzyme HSD17B3 still produce normal testosterone, suggesting they have different ways to make it compared to humans.

Oral estradiol works for many transgender women but needs personalized dosing and monitoring.

PCOS causes infertility mainly due to hormonal imbalances, insulin resistance, and chronic inflammation.

Polycystic ovary syndrome and iron overload share similar symptoms and can be potentially treated with blood removal, diet changes, and probiotics.

Cirrhosis affects quality of life with various symptoms, requiring a holistic, multidisciplinary approach for management.

Certain drugs can worsen hair loss in people prone to androgenetic alopecia.

Testosterone is linked to cardiovascular risk factors and stroke, but its exact role is unclear.

Ovarian Hyperthecosis caused hypersexuality in an older woman and was successfully treated with surgery.

Cyproterone acetate treatment is safe and causes mild feminization, which increases with added estrogen.

Testing for CAG repeat polymorphism in the androgen receptor gene is not currently recommended for managing hypogonadism.

Hormonal treatments can help with hair loss, acne, and excess hair growth, but it takes 3-6 months to see results and patients should know the possible side effects.

Too much androgen can cause hair loss; finasteride may help.

Androgens, like DHT, affect hair growth and treatments like finasteride may help.

Clomiphene citrate is a cheap and simple treatment for low testosterone that works as well as human chorionic gonadotropin, alone or combined, especially for men who want to keep their fertility.

The document concludes that the 5 alpha-reductase enzymes are important in steroid metabolism and related to various human diseases, with inhibitors used to treat conditions like male pattern baldness and prostate issues.

Testosterone replacement may help some postmenopausal women with symptoms like fatigue and low libido, but more research is needed to fully understand its effects.

Finasteride reduces hairiness and androgen levels in women with unexplained excessive hair growth.

Androgen receptors are key for development and health, affecting conditions like prostate cancer and male pattern baldness.

Suppressing certain hormones might help prevent prostate cancer.

Finasteride treats enlarged prostate and baldness, but may cause limited urinary improvement and sex-related side effects.

Selective Androgen Receptor Modulators (SARMs) are drugs that can control the effects of androgens in different tissues, potentially having fewer side effects and promising for treating various conditions.

Obese women had more testosterone and less acne, but similar hair growth compared to non-obese women.

Irregular menstrual cycles in teenagers are linked to a higher risk of polycystic ovary syndrome and metabolic syndrome.

Most women with excessive hair growth have PCOS; treatment varies and focuses on preventing new hair, with electrolysis as the only permanent removal method.

Testosterone and dihydrotestosterone have similar effects on body composition and metabolic health in men.