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Metformin combined with lifestyle changes improves insulin resistance and reduces testosterone levels in women with PCOS more than lifestyle changes alone.

Using minoxidil on dogs can cause serious cardiovascular damage, including arterial injury and hemorrhagic lesions.

There are still challenges in diagnosing and treating chronic skin diseases, but there is hope for future improvements.

The silk fibroin-based hydrogel shows promise for treating melanoma and healing infected wounds by killing tumor cells and bacteria, and supporting skin recovery.

Oxidative stress damages hair and contributes to aging, and managing it can help maintain hair health.

The article explains the genetic causes and symptoms of various hair disorders and highlights the need for more research to find treatments.

Smad-4 and Smad-7 are key in hair follicle development, with other Smads being less important.

Graft-versus-host disease is a complication where donor immune cells attack the recipient's body, often affecting the skin, liver, and gastrointestinal tract.

Tattooing helps treat skin conditions, reconstruct nipple-areola, mark radiation fields, and locate lesions.

Hair loss can indicate underlying systemic diseases and addressing these can sometimes reverse the hair loss.

Photothermal hydrogels are promising for infection control and tissue repair, and combining them with other treatments could improve results and lower costs.

Skin stem cells maintain and repair the outer layer of skin, with some types being essential for healing wounds.

Chemotherapy can cause permanent, non-reversible hair loss similar to pattern baldness.

Cyclosporin A helps mice grow hair by blocking a specific protein activity in skin cells.

Oral contraceptives help treat hyperandrogenic disorders, improving symptoms like excessive hair and acne.

Androgens play a complex role in skin conditions like acne and hair loss in women, and normal blood levels don't always show true androgen status.

Skin grafts are effective for chronic leg ulcers, especially autologous split-thickness grafts for venous ulcers, but more data is needed for diabetic ulcers.

AGD1 is important for root hair development in Arabidopsis, working with phosphoinositide signaling and the actin cytoskeleton.

Injected human hair follicle cells can create new, small hair follicles in skin cultures.

All three treatments reduce hirsutism, but spironolactone works best long-term.

Burn reconstruction improves with new techniques, materials, and tissue engineering.

Antiandrogens, particularly flutamide and CPA, are most effective for treating hirsutism, with long-term use needed for best results.

Loose Anagen Hair Syndrome is a hereditary condition causing hair loss in children due to abnormal hair follicles.

Activating β-catenin in different skin stem cells causes various types of hair growth and skin tumors.

AMH helps estimate ovarian reserve but doesn't predict pregnancy chances; age is more important.

Other common signs, not just the well-known immune cells around hair bulbs, are important for diagnosing hair loss from alopecia areata.

HIV can cause unusual and severe skin problems that are hard to treat.

Excessive hair growth in women often has no known cause and is not linked to race or other hormonal symptoms.

The document concludes that mouse models are crucial for studying hair biology and that all mutant mice may have hair growth abnormalities that require detailed analysis to identify.

High androgen levels in Chinese women with PCOS are linked to a higher risk of diabetes and obesity.