Multiomics Analysis of the Response to Ritlecitinib in Alopecia Areata Subtypes and Correlation With Efficacy

    July 2025 in “ Allergy
    Xi Li, Elena Peeva, Yuji Yamaguchi, Zhan Ye, Alexandre Lejeune, Craig Hyde, Emma Guttman‐Yassky
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    TLDR Ritlecitinib helps reduce inflammation and promote hair regrowth in alopecia areata, especially in patchy-type cases.
    This study analyzed the effects of ritlecitinib, a JAK3/TEC family kinase inhibitor, on alopecia areata (AA) subtypes in a phase 2a trial with 142 participants. Ritlecitinib treatment over 12 and 24 weeks downregulated Type I and II immunity-related genes and upregulated hair keratin genes, with a stronger effect in patchy-type AA (AAP) compared to alopecia totalis/universalis (AT/AU). Changes in gene and serum protein levels correlated with clinical hair regrowth, suggesting that early molecular responses could predict clinical outcomes. The study supports ritlecitinib's role in modulating immune response and promoting hair regrowth, particularly in AAP, and highlights the potential of baseline gene expression profiles to predict therapeutic responses. Despite limitations, the findings indicate that ritlecitinib effectively targets key immune and hair structural genes, reducing inflammation and promoting hair regrowth in AA patients.
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